梅苑双语学院

雅思小作文结构

雅思小作文的结构是考生能否清晰、高效完成写作任务的关键,其核心在于通过逻辑框架将数据信息转化为有条理的分析,无论是图表题(线图、柱图、饼图、表格、流程图、地图),还是书信题,都需要遵循“总-分-总”或“引言-主体-的基本脉络,同时根据题型特点调整细节内容,以下从通用结构、分题型解析及注意事项三方面展开详细说明。

雅思小作文通用结构框架

雅思小作文(Task 1)要求考生在20分钟内完成150词以上的写作,结构清晰是得分的基础,无论何种题型,均可拆分为三个核心部分:引言(Introduction)、主体分析(Body Paragraphs)和结论(Conclusion)。

概述图表核心信息

引言段的任务是“开门见山”,简要说明图表类型、核心主题及最显著的特征,无需细节数据,约占全文25%(40-50词)。
核心要素

  1. 图表类型:明确提及是“line graph”(线图)、“bar chart”(柱图)、“pie chart”(饼图)、“table”(表格)、“flow chart”(流程图)还是“map”(地图)。
  2. 时间范围/对象:若图表有时间轴(如“1990-2025”),需说明;若为静态图(如饼图、表格),需说明描述的对象(如“the proportion of energy sources”)。
  3. 整体趋势/核心对比:用1-2句话概括图表最突出的信息,如动态图的“总体上升/下降趋势”,静态图的“最大/最小值对比”或“主要差异”。

示例(线图)
The line graph illustrates the changes in the number of international tourists visiting a certain country from 2010 to 2025. Overall, the number experienced a steady growth over the decade, with a significant surge after 2025.
(说明:图表类型“line graph”+时间范围“2010-2025”+核心趋势“steady growth”+显著变化“significant surge after 2025”。)

(二)主体分析:分段展开细节描述

主体段是全文的核心,需分段落呈现图表的关键信息,逻辑清晰、数据准确,约占全文65%(80-100词)。分段原则:按“数据类别/时间阶段/逻辑关系”划分,每段聚焦1-2个核心信息点,避免堆砌数据。

动态图(线图、柱图等含时间变化的图表)

结构逻辑:按时间顺序分段,或按“趋势分类”(如上升、下降、波动)合并同类项。
关键技巧

  • 突出“起点、终点、峰值、谷值”:用“at the beginning of...”“by the end of...”“peaked at...”“reached a low point of...”等短语定位关键节点。
  • 描述“变化幅度”:用“dramatically/ sharply/ significantly”(大幅)、“moderately/ moderately”(中等)、“slightly/ marginally”(轻微)等副词修饰动词(如“increase”“decrease”“fluctuate”)。
  • 对比不同对象:若涉及多个主体(如多个国家的数据),需对比其变化差异(如“while A country increased, B country decreased”)。

示例(柱图,分段描述)
In the first period (2010-2025), the sales of product A remained relatively stable, fluctuating around 50 units. In contrast, product B witnessed a slight growth from 30 to 40 units. Between 2025 and 2025, however, a significant shift occurred: product A surged to 80 units, doubling its previous figure, whereas product B experienced a marginal decline to 35 units. By the final stage (2025-2025), product A stabilized at 75 units, while product B rebounded to 50 units, nearly catching up with A.
(说明:按“2010-2025”“2025-2025”“2025-2025”三个时间段分段,每段对比A、B产品的变化,突出“稳定-增长-反弹”的逻辑。)

静态图(饼图、表格、地图等无时间变化的图表)

结构逻辑:按“数据大小排序”或“类别/区域划分”分段,优先描述“最大值、最小值”或“显著差异”。
关键技巧

  • 数据排序:将数据按“从高到低”或“从低到高”排列,避免无序罗列(如“The largest proportion was...accounting for..., followed by...at..., while the smallest stood at...”)。
  • 占比描述:用“account for/ constitute/ make up”(占比)、“occupy/ represent”(占据)等动词,搭配百分比或具体数值(如“Coal accounted for 40% of the total energy production”)。
  • 区域对比(地图):按“方位”(如“north, south, east, west”)或“变化区域”分段,描述“新增/消失/改变”的特征(如“In the north, a new residential area was constructed, while the forest in the south was replaced by farmland”)。

示例(饼图,按数据大小分段)
The pie chart presents the proportion of energy sources consumed in a country in 2025. The largest source was coal, which accounted for 45% of the total consumption, followed by oil at 30% and natural gas at 15%. Renewable energy, including solar and wind, constituted the smallest portion, only making up 10%.
(说明:按“coal (45%) > oil (30%) > natural gas (15%) > renewable energy (10%)”排序,清晰呈现占比差异。)

流程图/地图

结构逻辑:按“步骤顺序”(流程图)或“空间顺序”(地图)分段,使用“连接词”体现逻辑关系。
关键技巧

  • 流程图:用“First/ Initially...”“Next/ Then...”“After that/ Subsequently...”“Finally/ Ultimately...”串联步骤,强调“原材料-加工-成品”或“阶段1-阶段2-阶段3”的递进关系。
  • 地图:用“Located in...”“To the north of...”“On the eastern side...”等方位词,对比“变化前”和“变化后”的差异(如“Originally, there was a park in the center, but it was replaced by a shopping mall in 2025”)。

示例(流程图,按步骤分段)
The flow chart illustrates the process of recycling glass bottles. Initially, used bottles are collected and transported to a recycling plant. Next, they are washed and sorted by color. After that, the sorted bottles are crushed into small pieces, which are then melted to form new glass products. Finally, the new products are packaged and delivered to supermarkets.
(说明:用“Initially-Next-After that-Then-Finally”串联5个步骤,逻辑清晰,无遗漏。)

总结核心趋势或差异

结论段需呼应引言,重申图表的核心发现,无需引入新数据,约占全文10%(20-30词)。
核心要素

  • 动态图:总结整体趋势(如“Overall, the number of...is expected to continue rising in the future”)。
  • 静态图:总结主要对比或占比(如“Overall, coal remained the dominant energy source, while renewable energy played a minor role”)。

示例(动态图结论)
In conclusion, the number of international tourists in this country showed a consistent upward trend from 2010 to 2025, with the most rapid growth occurring in the latter half of the period.

分题型结构对比与注意事项

为更直观展示不同题型的结构差异,以下通过表格总结:

题型 引言重点 主体分段逻辑 结论重点 注意事项
动态图(线图/柱图) 时间范围+整体趋势 按时间段或趋势分类(上升/下降/波动) 重申总体趋势+显著变化 避免逐点描述,突出“峰值、谷值、转折点”
静态图(饼图/表格) 对象+最大/最小值 按数据大小或类别排序 总结主要占比或差异 百分比与具体数据结合,避免仅写百分比(如“50%”需写明“50 units”)
流程图 对象+步骤数量 按步骤顺序(First→Finally) 总结最终结果/核心目的 使用“连接词”体现逻辑,避免步骤遗漏
地图 区域+变化类型(新增/改造等) 按方位(北/南/东/西)或变化区域 总结主要变化特征 对比“变化前”和“变化后”,突出差异点

高分结构技巧

  1. 数据取舍:选取3-5个关键数据(最大值、最小值、转折点、平均值),忽略次要细节,避免“数据堆砌”。
  2. 句式多样:交替使用简单句(如“The number increased.”)和复杂句(如“While the number of A rose, that of B fell.”),避免重复句式。
  3. 客观准确:用“it is clear that...”“the data shows that...”等客观表述,避免主观观点(如“I think...”)。

相关问答FAQs

Q1: 雅思小作文主体段写一段还是两段更合适?
A: 主体段建议写2-3段,每段聚焦1-2个核心信息点,避免单一段落过长导致逻辑混乱,动态图可按“早期-中期-分段,静态图可按“最大类-次大类-最小类”分段,流程图可按“步骤1-步骤2-步骤3”分段,分段能清晰体现逻辑层次,便于考官快速抓取关键信息。

Q2: 写作时是否需要总结所有数据点?
A: 不需要,雅思小作文要求“概述和总结特征”,而非“描述所有数据”,应选取最具代表性的数据(如峰值、谷值、显著对比、占比最大的类别),忽略次要或重复的数据,柱图中若多个数据相近,可概括为“most categories ranged between 20 and 30 units”,而非逐一列出。

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