梅苑双语学院

雅思让步作文如何拿高分?

在雅思写作考试中,让步段作为议论文的重要组成部分,其质量直接影响文章的逻辑严谨性与论证深度,许多考生在构建让步段时,常陷入“简单承认对方观点后草草收尾”或“让步与反驳界限模糊”的误区,导致论证力度削弱,一个优秀的让步段需遵循“承认合理性—限定范围—转折反驳”的核心逻辑,通过精准的句式结构与词汇选择,既体现思维的全面性,又凸显自身论点的不可动摇性,本文将从让步段的功能定位、结构拆解、语言技巧及常见误区四个维度,结合具体案例,系统解析如何在雅思英语作文中高效构建让步段,以提升文章的整体得分。

让步英语作文雅思
(图片来源网络,侵删)

让步段的核心功能:展现辩证思维,强化论证可信度

让步段的本质是通过“先退一步”的策略,承认对立观点的合理性,从而体现作者思维的客观性与全面性,在雅思写作评分标准中,“回应任务”(Task Response)与“连贯与衔接”(Coherence and Cohesion)均明确要求考生对复杂问题进行多角度分析,而让步段正是实现这一目标的关键手段,在讨论“远程教育是否优于传统教育”时,若仅强调远程教育的灵活性而完全否定传统课堂的互动价值,论证会显得片面;反之,通过让步段承认“传统教育在面对面交流与即时反馈方面具有独特优势”,再转折论证“这些优势可通过技术手段弥补,且远程教育在资源普惠性上更具突破性”,既能体现辩证思维,又能使核心论点更具说服力。

让步段还具有“缓冲论证冲突”的作用,在辩论性话题中,让步可避免文章陷入非此即彼的极端立场,展现对复杂问题的成熟认知,在分析“是否应禁止塑料袋”时,让步段可承认“塑料袋在食品保鲜、医疗运输等领域具有不可替代性”,再提出“通过限制一次性塑料袋使用、推广可降解材料等折中方案”,既回应了反对声音,又自然过渡到自身论点,使文章逻辑更趋严谨。

不同主题让步段的对比分析

主题 错误让步段示例(片面简略) 优质让步段示例(辩证深入)
远程教育 vs 传统教育 Some people think traditional classrooms are better because they have face-to-face communication. However, online learning is more convenient. While traditional education facilitates real-time interaction and immediate feedback between teachers and students, which enhances personalized guidance, these advantages can be mitigated through technological advancements such as virtual whiteboards and AI-driven tutoring systems. Moreover, online education breaks geographical barriers, enabling access to quality resources for learners in remote areas, a benefit traditional classrooms cannot match.
塑料袋禁令 Plastic bags are useful for carrying things, so we should not ban them completely. Admittedly, plastic bags play a crucial role in preserving food freshness and facilitating the transport of medical supplies, where alternatives may compromise safety. However, these niche uses account for less than 5% of total plastic bag consumption, while the remaining 95% contribute to severe environmental pollution, including soil degradation and marine ecosystem damage. A targeted ban on non-essential plastic bags, rather than a complete prohibition, would thus balance practicality and sustainability.

让步段的结构拆解:“三步走”实现逻辑闭环

一个结构清晰的让步段需包含“ concession(承认)+ qualification(限定)+ rebuttal(反驳)”三个核心环节,三者缺一不可。

Concession:客观承认对立观点的合理性

此环节需用中立、客观的语言,明确承认对方论点中存在的合理之处,避免使用绝对化词汇(如“completely wrong”“totally unnecessary”),以免显得偏激,常用句式包括:

让步英语作文雅思
(图片来源网络,侵删)
  • It is undeniable that...
  • While it is true that...
  • Admittedly,...
  • Some people argue that..., and there is some truth in this argument.

在讨论“是否应延长工作时间以提高生产力”时,让步段可开头:“It is undeniable that longer working hours may lead to short-term increases in output, as employees have more time to complete tasks.”(不可否认,延长工作时间可能导致短期内产出的增加,因为员工有更多时间完成任务。)此句通过“undeniable”客观承认了对方观点的合理性,为后续限定与反驳奠定基础。

Qualification:限定范围,削弱对立观点的普适性

承认对方观点后,需通过限定条件(如时间、场合、群体、程度等),指出其合理性仅存在于特定场景,而非普遍情况,这一环节是让步段“退中有进”的关键,能有效削弱对方论点的攻击力,常用限定词汇包括:

  • In some cases/In certain circumstances,...
  • To some extent,...
  • While this may be true for..., it does not necessarily apply to...
  • Although... holds true in the short term, its long-term validity is questionable.

承接上述“延长工作时间”的例子,限定环节可写:“However, this correlation is only valid under the assumption that employees maintain sustained efficiency during extended hours, which contradicts the basic principles of human physiology. Numerous studies have shown that productivity declines sharply after working more than 8 hours a day due to fatigue and diminished concentration.”(这种相关性仅在假设员工能在延长工作时间内保持持续效率的前提下成立,这与人体生理学的基本原理相悖,大量研究表明,由于疲劳和注意力下降,员工每天工作超过8小时后生产力会显著下降。)通过“human physiology”“numerous studies”等限定条件,将对方论点的适用范围从“普遍情况”压缩到“违背生理规律的假设”,削弱了其合理性。

Rebuttal:转折反驳,凸显自身论点的优势

在完成承认与限定后,需通过转折词自然过渡到反驳环节,强调自身论点的核心优势,或指出对方观点的根本缺陷,转折词的选择需与让步段的逻辑语气一致,常用句式包括:

  • Nevertheless,...
  • Nonetheless,...
  • Despite this,...
  • In reality,...
  • The fundamental flaw in this argument is that...

仍以“延长工作时间”为例,反驳环节可写:“In reality, sustainable productivity relies more on efficient time management and employee well-being than on sheer working hours. Companies that prioritize flexible schedules and regular breaks, such as those implementing the 4-day workweek, have reported not only higher productivity but also lower staff turnover rates, demonstrating that quality of work time outweighs quantity.”(可持续的生产力更多依赖于高效的时间管理和员工的福祉,而非单纯的工作时长,优先安排弹性工作时间和定期休息的公司,例如实行四天工作制的公司,不仅报告了更高的生产力,还体现了更低的人员流失率,这证明了工作时间的质量比数量更重要。)此句通过“in reality”转折,用具体案例(四天工作制)对比论证,凸显了“优化工作时间质量”比“延长工作时间”更具优势,使反驳有理有据。

让步段的语言技巧:提升表达精准度与说服力

词汇选择:避免重复,体现学术性

让步段中需避免使用简单重复的词汇(如“but”“however”过度使用),可通过同义替换或高级短语提升表达的丰富性。

  • 转折类:nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, conversely
  • 承认类:admittedly, admittedly, it must be acknowledged that, one cannot deny that
  • 限定类:to a limited extent, in a restricted sense, for the most part

需使用客观、中立的学术词汇,避免口语化表达,将“Some people think...”替换为“Proponents of this argument claim...”,将“a lot of”替换为“a multitude of”或“a considerable number of”。

句式结构:长短句结合,增强逻辑流畅性

让步段可通过复合句、插入语等句式结构,体现思维的复杂性与逻辑的严密性。

  • “While the initial investment in renewable energy infrastructure is substantial, which may deter some developing countries from adoption, the long-term economic and environmental benefits—including reduced reliance on fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions—far outweigh the upfront costs.”
    (尽管可再生能源基础设施的初始投资巨大,这可能使一些发展中国家望而却步,但长期的经济和环境效益——包括减少对化石燃料的依赖和降低碳排放——远超前期成本。)
    此句通过“while”引导让步状语从句,插入语“which may deter...”进一步限定,破折号内的补充说明强化了反驳力度,长短句结合使逻辑层次清晰。

逻辑连接:明确段落间与句间的逻辑关系

让步段需与前后文紧密衔接,可通过过渡词明确其在全文中的定位。

  • 引入让步段:“Having discussed the benefits of urbanization, it is equally important to consider its drawbacks.”(在讨论了城市化的好处后,同样需要考虑其弊端。)
  • 让步段结尾:“Nevertheless, these challenges do not negate the overall positive impact of urbanization on economic growth.”(这些挑战并不否定城市化对经济增长的积极影响。)

常见误区及规避策略

误区一:让步篇幅过长,喧宾夺主

部分考生为体现思维的全面性,将让步段篇幅写得过长(甚至超过论证段),导致核心论点被削弱。规避策略:让步段篇幅一般占全文的15%-20%,雅思大作文(250词)中建议控制在40-50词,确保“退”是为了更好地“进”。

误区二:让步与反驳界限模糊,自相矛盾

有些考生在让步段承认对方观点后,未进行有效限定,直接反驳,导致逻辑断裂。“Online learning is convenient. However, it lacks face-to-face interaction, so traditional education is better.”(在线学习很方便,它缺乏面对面互动,所以传统教育更好。)此句中“convenient”与“lacks face-to-face interaction”无直接矛盾,转折生硬。规避策略:严格遵循“承认—限定—反驳”结构,通过限定词明确对方观点的适用范围,再自然过渡到反驳。

误区三:让步内容空洞,缺乏具体论据

部分考生仅用“Some people think...”简单引入,未展开论述,让步段流于形式。规避策略:让步段需包含具体论据(如数据、案例、研究结果),“While opponents argue that renewable energy is unreliable due to weather dependence, countries like Denmark and Germany have achieved over 40% of their electricity from wind and solar power, proving that technological advancements can mitigate intermittency issues.”(尽管反对者认为可再生能源因天气依赖性而不可靠,但丹麦和德国等国家已实现40%以上的电力来自风能和太阳能,这证明技术进步可以解决间歇性问题。)

相关问答FAQs

Q1: 雅思作文中是否必须写让步段?如果不写会扣分吗?
A1: 并非所有雅思作文都必须写独立的让步段,但若题目要求“讨论双方观点”(如“Discuss both views and give your own opinion”)或涉及争议性话题,让步段是展现辩证思维的关键,若完全不提及对立观点,可能会在“回应任务”和“连贯与衔接”维度失分,尤其是当论证明显片面时,对于“同意与否”(“To what extent do you agree or disagree”)类题目,可在主体段中穿插让步句(如“Admittedly,...”),无需单独成段,但承认对立观点合理性仍能提升论证深度。

Q2: 如何判断让步段是否写得足够优秀?
A2: 优秀的让步段需满足三个标准:①逻辑闭环:明确包含“承认—限定—反驳”环节,且转折自然;②论据支撑:承认部分有合理依据,反驳部分用具体案例/数据强化说服力;③篇幅适中:既不冗长也不简略,能有效为核心论点服务,可通过自查以下问题判断:让步后是否削弱了自身论点?反驳是否直接针对限定后的对立观点?段落是否与全文逻辑连贯?若答案均为肯定,则让步段质量较高。

分享:
扫描分享到社交APP