雅思作文中的AD型题目，即“同意与否”（Agree or Disagree）题型，是学术类（A类）和培训类（G类）写作任务二中常见的考查形式，这类题目通常要求考生对某一观点或陈述表明立场，并给出充分的理由和论据进行支持，其核心在于论证的清晰性、逻辑性和说服力，而非单纯追求观点的“对错”，以下将从题型特点、解题步骤、结构布局、高分技巧及常见误区等方面展开详细分析,帮助考生系统掌握AD型题目的应对策略。
题型特点与审题要点的典型标志是“Do you agree or disagree?”或“To what extent do you agree or disagree?”，有时也会以“What is your opinion?”等形式出现，题目通常围绕社会、教育、科技、环境、文化等常见话题，给出一个明确的观点或陈述，Technology has made communication less personal”或“University education should be free for everyone”。
审题关键：
- 明确核心观点：首先需准确理解题目陈述的含义，识别其中的关键词和限定条件。“Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”中，核心关键词是“unpaid community service”和“compulsory part of high school programmes”。
- 避免绝对化立场：题目并非要求考生完全同意或完全不同意，部分同意（即“部分同意+补充观点”）也是合理且常见的立场，While I agree that A has benefits, I believe its drawbacks outweigh them”或“Although B is true, C is a more significant factor”。
- 预判论证方向：根据题目初步联想可能的论点，例如涉及“科技对生活的影响”，可从便利性、隐私问题、社交方式等角度切入,确保后续论证有话可说。
解题步骤与结构布局
AD型作文的结构需遵循“清晰论点+逻辑论证”的原则，通常采用“四段式”或“五段式”布局，以下以“四段式”为例展开说明：
引言段（Introduction）
功能：改写题目背景，明确个人立场，简要预告文章结构。
写作要点：
- 用同义替换或改写的方式复述题目，避免直接抄题，原题“Many people think that artificial intelligence will bring more benefits to humans than threats. Do you agree or disagree?”可改写为“The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked debates about its impact on humanity, with some arguing that its benefits outweigh potential threats.”
- 清晰表明立场（完全同意/不同意/部分同意），While acknowledging certain risks, I firmly believe that AI will ultimately deliver more significant benefits to humans.”
- 预告主要论点（可选），This essay will discuss AI’s contributions to medical science, productivity enhancement, and daily life convenience to support this view.”
主体段一（Body Paragraph 1）
功能：展开第一个分论点，提供理由和论据。
写作要点：
- 主题句：明确本段核心观点，One of the most profound benefits of AI lies in its transformative impact on medical science.”
- 解释：进一步阐述主题句，说明“为什么”该论点成立，AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of medical data to detect diseases like cancer at earlier stages than traditional methods, significantly improving patient survival rates.”
- 论据：举例、数据或权威观点支撑，For instance, a 2025 study published in Nature Medicine showed that an AI system developed by Google Health achieved 94% accuracy in identifying breast cancer from mammograms, surpassing human radiologists.”
- 小结：重申本段论点与立场的关系，Thus, AI’s role in healthcare alone demonstrates its potential to save lives and revolutionize treatment.”
主体段二（Body Paragraph 2）
功能：展开第二个分论点，结构与主体段一类似，避免重复论证角度。
示例：
- 主题句：“Beyond healthcare, AI is a key driver of productivity growth across industries.”
- 解释：“By automating repetitive tasks, such as data entry and quality control, AI allows businesses to allocate resources more efficiently and reduce operational costs.”
- 论据：“For example, manufacturing companies like Toyota have implemented AI-powered robots in assembly lines, resulting in a 30% increase in production efficiency and a 20% decrease in defects.”
- 小结：“This boost in productivity not only benefits businesses but also contributes to economic growth and higher living standards.”
让步段与结论段（Concession + Conclusion）
让步段（可选，推荐在“部分同意”或“反驳对立观点”时使用）：
- 功能：承认对立观点的合理性，再转折强调己方立场的优势，体现论证的客观性。
- 示例：“Admittedly, some concerns about AI, such as job displacement and ethical risks, are valid. However, these issues can be mitigated through proper regulation and education, rather than rejecting AI’s potential benefits.”
结论段：
- 功能：总结全文论点，重申立场，避免引入新信息。
- 示例：“In conclusion, while the challenges posed by artificial intelligence cannot be ignored, its contributions to medical science, productivity, and daily life are too substantial to overlook. With careful management, AI will undoubtedly continue to benefit humanity more than it threatens.”
高分技巧与注意事项
论证逻辑与连贯性
- 逻辑连接词：合理使用“However”, “Therefore”, “For example”, “In addition”等连接词，确保段落间和句子间的过渡自然。
- 论点递进：主体段论点应按“重要性”或“逻辑顺序”排列，例如从“个人层面”到“社会层面”，或从“直接影响”到“间接影响”。
语言表达的准确性与多样性
- 词汇升级：避免重复使用简单词汇，例如用“detrimental”代替“bad”，用“mitigate”代替“reduce”。
- 句式变化：结合简单句、复合句和复杂句，例如使用“Not only does AI improve efficiency, but it also enhances accuracy.”（倒装句）或“While AI offers numerous benefits, its ethical implications require careful consideration.”（状语从句）。
论据的合理性与相关性
- 避免空泛：论据需具体，例如不说“AI helps doctors”，而说“AI-assisted diagnostic tools reduce the time required to analyze medical images by 40%”。
- 数据与例子：优先选择权威来源（如政府报告、学术研究、知名案例），避免使用模糊的例子（如“some people say”）。
常见误区
- 立场模糊：在引言或结论中未明确表态，或前后立场矛盾。
- 论点重复：两个主体段讨论同一角度的不同方面，导致内容冗余。
- 让步段过长：让步段应简洁（1-2句），避免喧宾夺主。
AD型题目写作流程速查表
| 步骤 | 核心任务 | 注意事项 |
|---|---|---|
| 审题 | 识别关键词，明确立场方向 | 避免绝对化，预判论证角度 |
| 规划 | 列出2-3个分论点及论据 | 论点需独立且相关，优先选择熟悉的话题 |
| 写作 | 引言（背景+立场+预告）→主体段（主题句+解释+论据）→总结+重申立场） | 段落结构清晰，逻辑连接词恰当 |
| 检查 | 检查语法错误、拼写错误、论点一致性 | 确保字数达标（A类250词以上） |
相关问答FAQs
Q1: AD型题目中，如果完全不同意题目观点，是否需要让步段？
A: 不一定，让步段的主要作用是体现论证的客观性，但如果选择“完全不同意”立场，且论据已充分反驳对方观点，可以省略让步段，直接通过两个主体段展开反驳，题目“Some people argue that zoos should be banned because they are cruel to animals”，若立场为“Zoos should not be banned”，主体段可分别论述“Zoos play a key role in species conservation”和“Zoos provide educational value for the public”，无需单独让步，但若时间充裕，用1-2句简单承认“动物福利确实值得关注”再转折，可使论证更全面。
Q2: 如何在AD型作文中避免论点空洞，使论证更有说服力？
A: 避免“观点堆砌”，需通过“解释+论据”强化说服力，具体方法包括：
- 具体化论点：将“AI is useful”细化为“AI in healthcare reduces diagnostic errors by analyzing patient data with 99% accuracy”。
- 使用数据或研究：引用权威报告（如“According to the World Health Organization…”）或具体案例（如“Japan’s use of AI in elderly care has reduced caregiver workload by 25%”）。
- 对比论证：通过“Without AI…With AI…”的对比突出影响，Without AI, drug discovery takes 10 years and costs $1 billion; with AI, this process can be shortened to 2 years with 30% lower costs.”
通过以上方法，可有效提升论证的深度和可信度，满足雅思作文对“任务回应”（Task Response）和“连贯与衔接”（Coherence and Cohesion）的高分要求。
