在学术写作和职业沟通中,图表小作文是一种常见的形式，它要求作者通过文字清晰、准确地呈现和分析图表中的信息，动词的选择在这一过程中至关重要，因为它们能够直接体现数据的动态变化、趋势走向以及作者的分析逻辑，本文将系统梳理图表小作文中常用的动词分类、使用场景及注意事项，帮助读者提升表达的准确性和专业性。

描述数据变化的常用动词

图表小作文的核心任务是展现数据的变化趋势,因此掌握描述增减、波动、稳定的动词是基础，这类动词需根据数据的具体幅度和方向进行精准选择，避免重复和笼统。

表示增长与上升

• 小幅增长：increase slightly, rise gently, go up a little
  适用于数据呈现缓慢、不明显的上升趋势。“The number of online shoppers increased slightly by 5% from 2025 to 2025.”
• 显著增长：increase dramatically, surge, shoot up, soar
  用于描述数据在短时间内的大幅度提升。“The company’s profits surged by 40% after the new product launch.”
• 持续增长：rise steadily, grow continuously, show a steady upward trend
  强调数据的长期、稳定增长态势。“Global renewable energy capacity has grown continuously over the past decade.”

表示减少与下降

• 小幅下降：decrease slightly, drop marginally, fall gently
  适用于数据微弱减少的情况。“The unemployment rate decreased slightly to 5.2% in the last quarter.”
• 显著下降：decline sharply, plummet, collapse, slump
  描述数据急剧下跌。“During the economic crisis, housing prices plummeted by 30%.”
• 持续下降：drop steadily, decrease continuously, show a downward trend
  强调数据的长期减少趋势。“The use of plastic bags has dropped steadily due to environmental policies.”

表示波动与稳定

• 波动：fluctuate, vary, oscillate
  用于描述数据在一定范围内反复变化。“The stock price fluctuated between $50 and $60 throughout the month.”
• 稳定：remain stable, stay constant, level off, stabilize
  指数据保持基本不变或趋于平稳。“After a rapid increase, the population growth rate leveled off.”

对比数据关系的常用动词

图表中常涉及多个数据或类别的对比,此时需通过动词突出差异、相似性或占比关系，使逻辑更清晰。

表示差异与悬殊

• 超越：exceed, surpass, outnumber
  用于强调某数据在数值上高于另一数据。“Sales in 2025 exceeded those in 2025 by $2 million.”
• 落后于：lag behind, be lower than, be inferior to
  描述数据明显低于对比对象。“The company’s market share lags behind its main competitors.”

表示相似与接近

• 相似：be similar to, resemble, match
  用于描述两个或多个数据接近。“The percentage of male and female voters was similar in this election.”
• 占据主导：dominate, account for the largest proportion, constitute the majority
  强调某数据在总量中占绝对优势。“In this region, renewable energy accounts for the largest proportion of electricity generation.”

表示占比与构成

• 占比：account for, constitute, make up, comprise
  用于说明各部分在整体中的比例。“In 2025, Asia-Pacific region accounted for 45% of global smartphone sales.”
• 从…组成：consist of, be composed of, include
  描述整体的构成部分。“The team consists of 10 engineers and 5 designers.”

分析趋势与原因的常用动词

优秀的图表小作文不仅描述数据,还需通过动词体现分析逻辑，如预测趋势、解释原因或指出影响。

表示趋势预测

• 预计将：is expected to, is projected to, is forecast to
  用于基于现有数据对未来趋势的合理推测。“The global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050.”
• 预测会：predict, anticipate
  较为正式的预测表达。“Analysts predict that the demand for electric vehicles will continue to rise.”

表示原因与影响

• 导致：lead to, result in, cause, contribute to
  说明某一变化引发的结果。“The pandemic led to a significant decrease in international tourism.”
• 归因于：attribute to, be due to
  解释变化背后的原因。“The increase in productivity is attributed to the adoption of new technology.”

表示强调与突出

• 值得注意的是：it is worth noting that, notably
  用于强调关键数据或异常点。“Notably, the sales of product A doubled while those of product B remained unchanged.”
• 凸显：highlight, emphasize, underscore
  指出数据中需要重点关注的信息。“The chart highlights the growing gap between urban and rural incomes.”

动词使用注意事项

1. 避免重复：同一篇作文中应尽量使用同义词替换，避免频繁使用同一动词，描述增长时可交替使用 increase, rise, grow, surge 等。
2. 搭配准确：注意动词与副词、名词的搭配，如 increase significantly（显著增加），decrease slightly（略微减少），避免中式表达。
3. 时态统一：描述图表数据通常用一般过去时（若数据为过去时间）或一般现在时（若为客观事实、普遍趋势）；预测未来趋势时需用将来时或情态动词。
4. 客观严谨：避免使用主观性过强的动词（如 believe, think），保持分析的客观性和数据准确性。

常用动词搭配示例表

相关问答FAQs

Q1: 图表小作文中如何选择“增长”相关的动词？
A1: 选择“增长”动词时需结合数据幅度和语境：若数据增长缓慢且幅度小（如1%-5%），可用 increase slightly, rise gently；若增长迅猛且幅度大（如20%以上），可用 surge, soar, shoot up；若强调长期稳定增长，可用 grow steadily, show a consistent upward trend。“The company’s revenue increased slightly by 3% in Q1” 和 “Profits surged by 50% after the marketing campaign” 分别对应不同增长幅度。

Q2: 如何通过动词体现图表小作文的分析深度？
A2: 体现分析深度需从“描述”转向“解释”和“推断”，除了使用 describe, show 等基础动词，可增加 attribute to, result in, indicate, suggest 等动词，揭示数据背后的原因或影响，不仅写“The temperature rose in summer”，还可写“The rising temperature in summer is attributed to global warming, which results in more frequent heatwaves”，通过动词串联数据、原因和影响，增强逻辑性和说服力。