在雅思写作Task 1中，折线图（Line Graph）是常见的图表类型之一，主要考察考生描述数据变化趋势、比较不同数据系列以及分析关键特征的能力，要写出一篇高分折线图作文，需遵循“结构清晰、数据准确、分析深入”的原则,同时注意语言的学术性和客观性。

折线图作文的基本结构

一篇优秀的折线图作文通常包含四个核心段落：引言（Introduction）、概述（Overview）、主体段1（Body Paragraph 1）和主体段2（Body Paragraph 2），这种结构既能确保逻辑连贯，又能全面覆盖图表信息。

引言段：重述图表信息

引言段需简洁明了地介绍图表的核心内容，包括图表类型、时间范围、研究对象以及核心主题，无需提及具体数据，只需对图表进行概括性描述。
句式参考：

• The line graph illustrates the changes in [主题] over [时间范围].
• It compares the trends of [数据系列1] and [数据系列2] between [起始时间] and [结束时间].

示例：
The line graph depicts the fluctuation of the average monthly temperature in Beijing and Shanghai from 2010 to 2025. It compares how temperature variations in these two megacities differ over a decade.

概述段：总结核心趋势 段是Task 1的“得分关键”，需提炼图表最显著的特征，如整体上升/下降趋势、峰值与谷值、数据对比等，避免细节描述，聚焦宏观规律。 要点**：

• 确定数据的整体趋势（上升、下降、波动、稳定）。
• 指出最高点/最低点及对应时间。
• 比较不同数据系列的主要差异（如增长率、波动幅度）。

示例：
Overall, both cities experienced an upward trend in average temperature, but Shanghai’s fluctuations were more pronounced than Beijing’s. The peak temperature for both cities occurred in July 2025, while the lowest points were recorded in January 2010.

主体段：分点详述数据

主体段需分段落详细描述数据，通常按时间顺序或数据系列划分，每个段落聚焦1-2个核心趋势，结合具体数据（如数值、时间点、变化率）进行支撑，并使用“数据+分析”的模式。

写作技巧：

• 时态：若描述过去数据，用一般过去时；若预测未来趋势，用一般将来时或“be projected to”等被动语态。
• 数据选择：选取最具代表性的数据（如起点、终点、峰值、谷值、拐点），避免堆砌所有数据。
• 连接词：使用“Initially”“Subsequently”“Meanwhile”“In contrast”等词汇体现逻辑关系。

示例（主体段1）：
Between 2010 and 2025, Beijing’s average temperature rose gradually from -2°C in January to 28°C in July. Notably, the most significant increase occurred between May and July, with a jump of 8°C. In contrast, Shanghai started the year at 5°C in January and reached a peak of 30°C in July, showing a steeper growth rate of 10°C during the same period. This indicates that summer temperatures in Shanghai increased more rapidly than in Beijing during the first half of the decade.

示例（主体段2）：
From 2025 to 2025, both cities saw fluctuations in temperature, but Shanghai’s variations were more extreme. For instance, in January 2025, Beijing’s temperature dropped to -3°C, while Shanghai’s fell to 1°C—a difference of 4°C. However, by July 2025, both cities recorded similar peak temperatures (29°C in Beijing, 30°C in Shanghai), suggesting a convergence in summer heat over the latter half of the period.

折线图作文的常见错误与注意事项

1. 忽略概述段：概述段是Task 1的“得分重点”，若缺失，即使数据描述准确，也很难突破6分。
2. 数据堆砌：罗列所有数据点而不分析趋势，会导致文章缺乏逻辑性，应选取关键数据并解释其意义。
3. 主观臆断：Task 1要求客观描述数据，避免添加图表未提及的原因（如“温度上升是由于全球变暖”）。
4. 时态错误：混淆过去时与现在时，尤其当图表涉及历史数据时，需统一使用一般过去时。

折线图数据描述的词汇与句式

趋势描述词汇

句式参考

• 描述变化：The number of [A] increased dramatically from [数值1] in [时间1] to [数值2] in [时间2].
• 对比差异：[A] was significantly higher/lower than [B] throughout the period.
• 倍数关系：In 2025, the figure for [A] was twice that of [B].

折线图作文高分示例（简化版）

The line graph illustrates the changes in the global sales of electric vehicles (EVs) and gasoline cars between 2025 and 2025.
Overall, EV sales witnessed a remarkable upward trend, while gasoline car sales experienced a gradual decline. The two trends intersected around 2025, after which EVs outsold gasoline cars consistently.

主体段1：From 2025 to 2025, EV sales surged from 1 million units to 4 million units, marking a 300% increase. In contrast, gasoline car sales fell from 20 million units to 18 million units during the same period. This shift can be attributed to growing environmental awareness and government incentives for EVs.

主体段2：Between 2025 and 2025, EV sales continued to rise sharply, reaching 10 million units in 2025. Meanwhile, gasoline car sales plummeted to 12 million units, reflecting a faster decline rate. By 2025, EVs had captured nearly half of the global automobile market, indicating a decisive transition towards sustainable transportation.

FAQs

Q1: 折线图作文中，是否需要提及所有数据点？
A1: 不需要，应选取关键数据点（如起点、终点、峰值、谷值、拐点）进行描述，并结合趋势分析，堆砌所有数据会导致文章冗长且缺乏重点，反而影响得分。

Q2: 如何在折线图中描述“波动”这一趋势？
A2: 描述波动时，需指出波动的幅度、频率及关键转折点。“The figure fluctuated between 10 and 20 units, with a notable peak of 20 in July 2025 and a low of 10 in January 2025.” 同时可使用“oscillate”“vary irregularly”等词汇增强表达的准确性。