英语饼形图作文的写作技巧与实例解析
饼形图作文的基本结构
饼形图作文是英语写作中常见的图表题型，主要考察学生对数据的描述、对比和分析能力，一篇优秀的饼形图作文通常包含以下三个部分：
-
引言段（Introduction）
简要描述饼形图的主题、时间范围及核心内容，无需详细数据，只需概括图表反映的整体现象。“The pie chart illustrates the proportion of different energy sources consumed in a country in 2025.” -
主体段（Body Paragraphs）
分段描述饼形图中的关键数据，突出最大、最小或具有对比性的部分，使用具体数据（如百分比、数值）支撑观点，并通过连接词（如 while, whereas, in contrast）体现对比关系，建议按数据大小或逻辑顺序分段，避免杂乱无章。 -
结论段（Conclusion）
总结图表反映的主要趋势或结论，可适当提出预测或建议。“It is evident that fossil fuels remain the dominant energy source, but a shift towards renewable energy is necessary for sustainability.”
数据描述的常用表达
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占比描述
- 占比最大：account for the largest proportion / constitute the majority
- 占比最小：represent the smallest fraction / make up a minority
- 占比相当：be equally divided / have a similar share
-
对比表达
- 显著高于：significantly higher than / considerably larger than
- 略低于：slightly lower than / marginally smaller than
- 持平：be on a par with / be equal to
-
趋势总结
- 呈现上升趋势：show an upward trend / experience a surge
- 保持稳定：remain stable / stay constant
实例分析：某大学学生休闲时间分配饼形图
以下是一个虚构的饼形图主题，并附上范文框架：
主题：Leisure Time Allocation of University Students
| Activity | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Socializing | 35% |
| Studying | 25% |
| Sports | 20% |
| Entertainment | 15% |
| Others | 5% |
范文框架：
引言段：
The pie chart presents the distribution of leisure time among university students, highlighting how they allocate their free time across five main activities.
主体段1：
Socializing accounts for the largest proportion at 35%, indicating that students prioritize interpersonal relationships during their leisure time. In contrast, studying constitutes 25%, reflecting a balance between academic and social commitments.
主体段2：
Sports and entertainment follow, with sports taking up 20% and entertainment 15%. While sports promote physical health, entertainment activities such as watching movies or gaming serve as relaxation methods. The smallest share, at 5%, is allocated to other activities like volunteering or part-time work.
结论段：
Overall, socializing dominates students’ leisure time, suggesting a strong emphasis on social bonds. However, a notable portion is dedicated to studying and sports, implying a holistic approach to personal development.
常见错误与注意事项
- 数据堆砌：避免逐项罗列所有数据，应选择关键信息并分析其意义。
- 缺乏对比：未使用对比词汇，导致描述平淡，无法体现数据间的关系。
- 语法错误：混淆“占”的表达（如“占30%”应为“account for 30%”而非“occupy 30%”）。
- 主观臆断：图表作文需基于客观数据，避免添加个人观点（如“我认为学生应该减少社交时间”）。
高分技巧
- 多样化词汇：替换高频词（如“show”可用“illustrate, reveal, demonstrate”）。
- 逻辑连接词：使用“furthermore, moreover, however”等增强段落连贯性。
- 数据归纳：将相似数据合并描述（如“Sports and entertainment together account for 35% of leisure time”）。
FAQs
Q1: 饼形图作文是否需要计算具体数值？
A1: 不需要，饼形图的核心是描述比例关系，而非计算绝对数值，除非题目明确要求，否则只需使用百分比或比例词汇（如“half, one-third”）即可。
Q2: 如何处理饼形图中过多分类的情况？
A2: 若分类超过5项，可合并次要类别（如“Others”）或优先描述前3-4项主要数据，避免文章冗长。“The top three activities—socializing, studying, and sports—collectively represent 80% of the total.”
