在雅思写作中,尤其是小作文部分,精准且多样的用词是提升分数的关键,与日常英语或学术写作不同,雅思小作文强调对数据、趋势和变化的客观描述,因此需要掌握一系列特定场景下的高频词汇和表达方式,本文将从动态图、静态图、流程图和地图四大题型出发,系统梳理雅思小作文的核心用词技巧,帮助考生构建更专业、更地道的写作表达。

动态图:描述趋势与变化的精准用词
动态图(线图、柱状图、饼图等)的核心是展示数据随时间或条件的变化,趋势”和“变化”相关的动词、副词及形容词是重点。
动词:表达变化的动态感
- 上升:除常见的“increase”外,可用“rise”“grow”“surge”“soar”“climb”“jump”“leap”等。“The number of international students surged by 30% between 2010 and 2025.”(2010至2025年间,国际学生数量激增30%。)
- 下降:“decrease”“decline”“drop”“fall”“dip”“slump”“plunge”等。“The price of crude oil plunged to a decade low in 2025.”(2025年,原油价格暴跌至十年最低点。)
- 波动:“fluctuate”“vary”“oscillate”等。“Temperature fluctuated wildly throughout the month.”(整月气温波动剧烈。)
- 平稳:“remain stable”“stay constant”“level off”“plateau”等。“After a sharp rise, the figure leveled off at 50%.”(在急剧上升后,该数据稳定在50%。)
副词与形容词:强化程度与速度
- 程度副词:“slightly”(轻微地)、“moderately”(适度地)、“significantly”(显著地)、“dramatically”(急剧地)、“steadily”(稳定地)。“The population increased moderately over the period.”(期间人口适度增长。)
- 速度副词:“gradually”(逐渐地)、“rapidly”(迅速地)、“slowly”(缓慢地)、“abruptly”(突然地)。“Unemployment rates rose rapidly during the economic crisis.”(经济危机期间,失业率迅速上升。)
趋势对比表达
- 超过:“exceed”“surpass”“outnumber”“overtake”。“In 2025, sales of electric vehicles surpassed those of gasoline cars.”(2025年,电动汽车销量超过汽油车。)
- 低于:“be lower than”“be inferior to”“be less than”。“The cost of living in rural areas is significantly lower than in urban areas.”(农村生活成本远低于城市。)
静态图:对比数据的逻辑化用词
静态图(柱状图、饼图、表格、条形图等)侧重于不同数据间的对比,需突出“最值”“比例”和“差异”。
最值表达
- 最高值:“the highest”“the largest”“the peak”“the maximum”“account for the largest proportion”。“China accounted for the largest proportion of global renewable energy investment in 2025.”(2025年,中国占全球可再生能源投资比例最大。)
- 最低值:“the lowest”“the smallest”“the minimum”“reach a trough”。“The country reached its minimum GDP growth in 2025.”(该国2025年GDP增长率降至最低。)
比例与倍数
- 比例:“account for”“constitute”“make up”“comprise”“occupy”。“Fossil fuels still constitute 80% of the world's energy consumption.”(化石燃料仍占全球能源消耗的80%。)
- 倍数:“twice as many as”“three times higher than”“double”“triple”。“The number of smartphone users in 2025 was twice as many as in 2025.”(2025年智能手机用户数量是2025年的两倍。)
差异对比
- 差异:“differ from”“contrast with”“while/whereas”“unlike”。“Male unemployment rates differ significantly from female rates in this region.”(该地区男性与女性失业率差异显著。)
- 相似:“similar to”“the same as”“alike”“equivalent to”。“The results of the two experiments were almost identical.”(两次实验结果几乎相同。)
流程图与地图:描述顺序与差异的功能用词
流程图(自然/工业流程)和地图(区域变迁)需体现“步骤”“顺序”和“空间变化”。
流程图:步骤与顺序
- 开始/结束:“begin with”“start from”“commence”“conclude with”“end with”“terminate”。“The process begins with the collection of raw materials.”(流程始于原材料采集。)
- 步骤连接:“then”“next”“subsequently”“following this”“after that”“finally”“in the subsequent stage”。“After mixing the ingredients, the mixture is heated to 100°C.”(混合原料后,将混合物加热至100摄氏度。)
- 方式/目的:“by means of”“through”“in order to”“with the aim of”。“Water is purified by means of filtration and disinfection.”(水通过过滤和消毒进行净化。)
地图:空间与变化
- 方位:“to the north of”“in the south eastern corner”“adjacent to”“opposite”“surrounded by”。“A new park was built opposite the city library.”(新公园位于市图书馆对面。)
- 变化:“transform into”“convert into”“replace”“be removed”“be constructed”“be extended”。“The old factory was converted into a shopping mall in 2025.”(2025年,旧工厂被改造成购物中心。)
高频学术词汇与表达技巧
雅思小作文需避免口语化表达,以下词汇可提升文本正式度:
- “show”替代词:“indicate”“illustrate”“demonstrate”“reveal”“present”。“The data indicates a growing trend in remote work.”(数据显示远程工作呈增长趋势。)
- “important”替代词:“significant”“crucial”“vital”“essential”“paramount”。“Early education is crucial for child development.”(早期教育对儿童发展至关重要。)
- 连接词:“furthermore”“moreover”“however”“nevertheless”“in addition”“consequently”。“Furthermore, the investment in technology boosted productivity.”(技术投资提高了生产力。)
雅思小作文用词注意事项
- 避免重复:同一篇文章中,避免过多使用“increase”“show”等高频词,可替换为同义词。
- 数据具体化:用“approximately”“around”“nearly”“just over”等词修饰数据,体现严谨性。“The figure stood at just over 50%.”(数据略高于50%。)
- 时态准确:动态图描述过去数据用过去时,预测未来用将来时;静态图用一般现在时。
相关问答FAQs
Q1: 雅思小作文中,如何避免用词重复?
A1: 可通过同义词替换和场景化用词解决,描述“上升”时,根据程度不同选用“rise”“grow”“surge”“soar”;描述“显示”时,根据语境用“indicate”“illustrate”“demonstrate”等,可调整句式结构,如将“the number increased”改为“there was a rise in the number”。
Q2: 流程图和地图题的用词有什么特殊要求?
A2: 流程图需突出“步骤逻辑”,多用“firstly”“subsequently”“finally”等连接词,以及“be heated”“be mixed”等被动语态;地图题需强调“空间变化”,用方位词(“north of”“adjacent to”)和变化动词(“transform into”“replace”),两者均需避免主观描述,保持客观中立。
